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Null Space Calculator

Find the basis for the null space (kernel) of a matrix.

Last updated: 2/3/2026

The null space (or kernel) of a matrix A is the set of all vectors x such that Ax = 0. This calculator finds a basis for that space.

Calculator Inputs

Enter rows separated by semicolons (;), values by commas (,)

Results

Enter values above to see your results

How It Works

We perform Gaussian elimination to bring the matrix to Reduced Row Echelon Form (RREF), identify free variables, and construct the basis vectors.

Worked Examples

Matrix A = [[1, 2], [2, 4]]

RREF:[[1, 2], [0, 0]]= Row Reduce
Equation:x₁ + 2x₂ = 0= x₁ = -2x₂
Basis:[-2, 1]= Free var x₂

Tips & Best Practices

  • Enter matrix row by row: "1,2; 3,4" for a 2x2.
  • If the null space contains only the zero vector, the nullity is 0.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Nullity?

Nullity is the dimension of the null space, which equals the number of free variables (Total Columns - Rank).